To estimate the horsepower of animals, we use a "combined method" that incorporates both mechanical power output and biological energy efficiency based on Kleiber's Law.
Mechanical power is calculated using the formula based on the animal's weight and maximum speed:
Kleiber's Law describes the relationship between an animal's mass and its basal metabolic rate.
We combine the "mechanical power" and "metabolic power" for a balanced estimate of an animal's overall horsepower.
Let's take a few animals to illustrate how the combined method works: